Vacier (or voracious) insects, such as locusts and caterpillars, consume large amounts of plant matter, leading to severe crop damage.
They pose a significant threat to agriculture by reducing yields and affecting food supply.
True and complete metamorphosis (holometabolism) consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Moths undergo complete metamorphosis.
Systematic insecticides primarily enter insects through spiracles (respiratory openings).
Once inside, they are absorbed into the insect’s body, affecting its nervous system.
Locusts shift between solitary and gregarious phases based on food availability.
When food is scarce, they gather in swarms, triggering behavioral and physiological changes.
Bees recognize colony members through pheromones, which are chemical signals.
These pheromones help maintain hive organization and prevent intruders.
Ammonia is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by annelids, especially aquatic species.
It is expelled directly into the surrounding water through diffusion.
Plasmodium is a genus of protozoan parasites that cause malaria.
There are several species of Plasmodium that can infect humans, including P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.
Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf solid particles, such as bacteria or debris.
It is commonly performed by immune cells like macrophages.
Metamorphosis is the transformation process in insects from larva → pupa → adult.
The adult stage is the final stage, where the insect becomes fully developed and capable of reproduction.
Apiculture is the practice of beekeeping to produce honey, beeswax, and other bee-related products.
It involves managing bee colonies in artificial hives for commercial and ecological benefits.
Endoderm forms the lining of the digestive tract and its associated glands, such as the liver and pancreas.
It also gives rise to the respiratory system.
A community consists of different populations of organisms interacting in a specific area.
It differs from an ecosystem, which includes both living organisms and their environment.
Marsupium is a pouch found in marsupials (metatherians) where young develop after birth.
It contains mammary glands that provide nourishment to the offspring.
Echinopluteus is the planktonic larval stage of brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea).
It has long arms supported by skeletal rods for swimming.
Ammocoetes are the filter-feeding larval stage of lampreys.
They resemble cephalochordates and undergo metamorphosis into adults.⁶
Marsupium is a pouch found in marsupials (metatherians) where young develop after birth.
It contains mammary glands that provide nourishment to the offspring.
The capacitance (C) of a spherical conductor is given by the formula:
C = 4πε₀R, where R is the radius of the sphere.
This shows that the capacitance is directly proportional to the radius and independent of volume or surface area.
Seismic lines (or Isoseismal lines) are imaginary lines on a map that connect points experiencing the same intensity of an earthquake.
These lines help in studying the distribution of earthquake impact over a region.
Helium-4 has a binding energy of 28.2 MeV.
It is the energy required to separate its nucleons.
This high binding energy makes helium-4 one of the most stable nuclei.
A PN junction diode allows current to flow in one direction, making it useful as a rectifier for converting AC to DC.
It does not amplify signals like a transistor (amplifier) or generate oscillations like an oscillator.
Carl D. Anderson discovered the positron (antiparticle of the electron) in 1932 while studying cosmic rays.
He observed it using a cloud chamber and confirmed it was a particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge.
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), founded on September 25, 1969.
It has Arabic, English, and French as its three official languages.
It initially had 25 founding members.
It is headquartered in Jeddah.
Formerly known as the Organization of the Islamic Conference, it changed its name on June 28, 2011.
With 57 current member countries.
Jakarta is the largest city among OIC member nations.
The largest Muslim country in the world by landmass is Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the World.
The headquarters of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is located in The Hague.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
It has 15 judges serving 9-year terms.
It established in June 1945.
It operational since April 1946.
Kyoto Protocol, to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty that talked about Pollution and aimed to reduce the emission of gases that contribute to global warming.
The Kyoto Protocol was signed in Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto Protocol on International Climate Change signed: December 1997
Come into Force on 16 Feb 2005
The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty that extended the 1992 United Nations Framework.
The ILO was created in 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles which ended World War
International Labour Organization (ILO) declared World Day Against Child Labour on 2002.
Pakistan has been an important and active member of the ILO since 31 October 1947.
Ratified 36 ILO Conventions.
The ILO Office was established in Pakistan in 1970.
The ILO was created in 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles which ended World War
International Labour Organization (ILO) declared World Day Against Child Labour on 2002
Pakistan has been an important and active member of the ILO since 31 October 1947.
Ratified 36 ILO Conventions.
The ILO Office was established in Pakistan in 1970.
The name “United Nations” was coined by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
The UN Headquarters is located in New York, United States.
It was founded on October 24, 1945.
It’s currently has 193 member states and 2 observer states.
The official languages of the UN are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
On 16 December 1971, East Pakistan was liberated from Pakistan as the newly independent state of Bangladesh.
East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1947 and 1971.
Its land borders were with India and Burma, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal.
India firstly recognized to Bangladesh.
Indus Basin Treaty constructed the Wullar Barrage on the Jhelum River.
Indus Basin Treaty was signed on 19th September 1960
The Treaty was signed at Karachi by Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan the then President of Pakistan, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru the then-Indian Prime Minister and Mr. W.A.B. Illif of the World Bank
The Treaty is effective from 1st April 1960.
The Kartarpur Corridor was inaugurated on November 9, 2019.
The Kartarpur Corridor is a visa-free border crossing and religious corridor.
It connects the city of Dera Baba Nanak in India’s Punjab state to the city of Narowal in Pakistan’s Punjab province.
It facilitating pilgrimage for Sikh devotees to visit the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Kartarpur, Pakistan.
Islamabad officially became the capital of Pakistan on 14 August 1967, under President Ayub Khan.
The city was constructed starting in 1960.
It is now the country’s ninth-most populous city, with a population of over 1.2 million.
Its postcode is 44000.
Before being named the capital, the area was known as Raj Shahi.
On Women’s Day, 2019, Krishna Kumari Kohli became the first-ever Hindu Dalit woman to chair a session of the Pakistan Senate.
She is a Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) senator from Sindh.
The first-ever General Assembly elections in FATA (now merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were held on 20th July 2019.
These elections were conducted for 16 seats in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly after FATA’s merger with the province in 2018.
The wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs in a wave.
It is typically measured in meters (m).
It is represented by the symbol λ (lambda).
The period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of its length (T ∝ √L).
Mass and amplitude do not affect the period in an ideal simple pendulum.
The maximum range in projectile motion occurs at a launch angle of 45°, assuming no air resistance.
At this angle, the horizontal and vertical components of velocity are optimally balanced, leading to the greatest distance covered.
Quartz exhibits almost no elastic after-effect.
This meaning it quickly returns to its original shape after deformation.
Rubber and silk exhibit significant elastic after-effects.
This meaning they take time to return to their original form.
Reynolds number (Re) determines the type of flow:
Re < 2000 → Laminar flow
2000 < Re < 4000 → Transitional flow
Re > 4000 – 5000 → Turbulent flow
For most practical cases, turbulence begins around Re = 5000.
In a vacuum, there is no air resistance, so all objects fall with the same acceleration due to gravity.
On the Moon, the acceleration due to gravity is about 1.63 m/s², and both the feather and the lead ball will fall at this rate.
Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of atoms or molecules within a system.
It includes translational, rotational, vibrational, and intermolecular potential energy.
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure unknown resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit.
It operates on the principle of null deflection.
It is widely used in precise resistance measurements.
René Descartes (1596–1650) coined the famous philosophical maxim “Cogito, ergo sum”, which means “I think, therefore I am.”
It is a fundamental statement in his philosophy, emphasizing self-awareness as proof of existence.
Jane Austen wrote famous novels like Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, and Emma.
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was written by Lewis Carroll. The book is a famous fantasy novel about a girl named Alice who falls into a magical world filled with strange creatures and adventures.
A pun is a form of wordplay that exploits multiple meanings of a word or similar-sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect. For Example: Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.
📍 English Language Educator | Blogger & Content Strategist | 7+ Years in Educational Blogging
Nosheen Bashir is a dedicated English teacher and experienced blogger with over seven years of expertise in content creation and educational writing. Passionate about language, literature, and effective communication, she combines her teaching experience with blogging skills to create insightful, research-backed content that helps learners and educators alike.
🔹 Expertise & Achievements:
✔ English Language Education: A skilled educator with years of experience in teaching English grammar, literature, and communication skills to students of varying levels.
✔ Educational Blogging: Running a successful blog for 7+ years, delivering well-structured, engaging content on language learning, writing techniques, and academic success.
✔ SEO & Content Strategy: Specializes in creating high-ranking, authoritative articles that follow Google’s EEAT principles, ensuring content that is both informative and search-friendly.
✔ Student-Centric Approach: Committed to making English easier, engaging, and accessible, helping readers and students improve their language proficiency.
🚀 With a passion for teaching and writing, Nosheen Bashir is dedicated to crafting educational content that empowers students, teachers, and language enthusiasts worldwide.
