Part – I (Short Questions)
Answer briefly any six parts from the following:
Two social reforms of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: Nationalization of industries and banks. Introduction of land reforms to reduce feudalism.
When and between which two countries was the Geneva Agreement signed? Signed between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan in 1988 to facilitate the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.
What is meant by floor crossing? When a member of a legislative body switches political parties or votes against their party’s policy.
Why did America attack Afghanistan? In response to the 9/11 attacks, to dismantle the Taliban regime and eliminate Al-Qaeda.
Write the names of four members of the United Nations who have the right of veto. United States, United Kingdom, China, Russia, and France.
What was the theory of Hindu Dogra regarding Kashmir? The Dogra rulers considered Kashmir their hereditary territory and ruled it under oppressive conditions after purchasing it from the British in 1846 under the Treaty of Amritsar.
What are the main social activities of Bhutanese people? Religious festivals (Tshechus), traditional dances, and community-based agriculture.
What is the European Union? Describe the concept of its establishment. A political and economic union of European countries, officially formed by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 to promote economic cooperation and political stability.
What is the historical significance of May 28, 1998? Pakistan conducted its first successful nuclear tests in Chagai, making it a nuclear power.
Part – I (Short Questions)
Answer briefly any six parts from the following:
Write two uses of Sulphur. Used in the production of sulfuric acid. Essential in manufacturing fertilizers and explosives.
Define non-perennial canals and write names of any two non-perennial canals. Non-perennial canals provide water only during the rainy season. Examples: Chashma Canal and Taunsa Canal.
What is meant by small industry? Give two examples. Small-scale industries are businesses with limited capital and workforce. Examples: Handicrafts and Cottage industries.
Write names of four dry ports of Pakistan. Lahore Dry Port, Peshawar Dry Port, Faisalabad Dry Port, Quetta Dry Port.
Define Population. The total number of people living in a particular area or country.
Write four suggestions for solving educational problems in Pakistan. Increase education budget. Improve teacher training programs. Establish more schools in rural areas. Introduce modern technology in classrooms.
Write names of two poets of Punjabi Language. Waris Shah and Bulleh Shah.
What is meant by gender discrimination? Unequal treatment of individuals based on gender, restricting their rights and opportunities.
Part – II (Long Questions)
Attempt any two questions:
Write eight salient features of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. Pakistan is an Islamic Republic. Parliamentary system of government. Bicameral legislature (Senate and National Assembly). Fundamental rights for citizens. Federal system with power-sharing between provinces. Independence of the judiciary. Urdu as the national language. Protection of minorities’ rights.
Discuss the problems faced by agriculture. Give suggestions to solve them. Problems: Water scarcity, outdated farming techniques, high cost of fertilizers and pesticides, lack of access to modern machinery. Solutions: Development of irrigation systems, promotion of modern farming techniques, government subsidies on fertilizers and pesticides, easy access to agricultural loans.
Write a note on:
Pak-America Relations: Relations between Pakistan and the USA have fluctuated over time, influenced by security, economic, and military cooperation. Key events include Pakistan’s role in the Cold War, the Afghan War, and the War on Terror.
Saraiki Language: A major regional language spoken in southern Punjab, Pakistan. It has a rich literary heritage, distinct phonetics, and vocabulary, influenced by Sindhi, Punjabi, and Persian languages.
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